参考https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Compression_formats，结合本人对音视频处理接触到的内容，后续学习可从以下几个主体入手：

Audio

• MP3
• mp4a/aac
• wav
• AC3/DRA/Real Audio

Video

• MPEG-1/2/4
• H264
• HEVC
• Real Video

Containers

• flv
• avi
• mp4
• wmv
• mkv(Matroska WebM)
• mov
• 3gp
• rmvb

Image

• bmp
• jpg
• png
• gif

Stream Media

protocol

• P2P(UDP/TCP)
• HTTP
• HLS
• RTMP
• RTP、RTCP、RTSP
• Microsoft's Smooth Streaming
• Adobe's HDS
• non-proprietary formats such as MPEG-DASH
• CDN

Server

• Windows Media Services 9
• RealNetworks公司新近发布的Helix Platform
• Apple新近发布的Darwin streaming server 4.1
• multirate、multiscreen、adaptive、intelligent
• high performance

Client

• FFmpeg
• Render（SDL、DirectX、OpenGL）
• Plugin（IE、Chrome、Firefox）
• Cloud Transcoding
• TV set(Set Top Box, STB)
• Mobile Device(Pad, Phone, Auto)